MicroPython libraries ===================== .. warning:: Important summary of this section * MicroPython implements a subset of Python functionality for each module. * To ease extensibility, MicroPython versions of standard Python modules usually have ``u`` (micro) prefix. * Any particular MicroPython variant or port may miss any feature/function described in this general documentation, due to resource constraints. This chapter describes modules (function and class libraries) which are built into MicroPython. There are a few categories of modules: * Modules which implement a subset of standard Python functionality and are not intended to be extended by the user. * Modules which implement a subset of Python functionality, with a provision for extension by the user (via Python code). * Modules which implement MicroPython extensions to the Python standard libraries. * Modules specific to a particular port and thus not portable. Note about the availability of modules and their contents: This documentation in general aspires to describe all modules and functions/classes which are implemented in MicroPython. However, MicroPython is highly configurable, and each port to a particular board/embedded system makes available only a subset of MicroPython libraries. For officially supported ports, there is an effort to either filter out non-applicable items, or mark individual descriptions with "Availability:" clauses describing which ports provide a given feature. With that in mind, please still be warned that some functions/classes in a module (or even the entire module) described in this documentation may be unavailable in a particular build of MicroPython on a particular board. The best place to find general information of the availability/non-availability of a particular feature is the "General Information" section which contains information pertaining to a specific port. Beyond the built-in libraries described in this documentation, many more modules from the Python standard library, as well as further MicroPython extensions to it, can be found in the `micropython-lib repository `_. Python standard libraries and micro-libraries --------------------------------------------- The following standard Python libraries have been "micro-ified" to fit in with the philosophy of MicroPython. They provide the core functionality of that module and are intended to be a drop-in replacement for the standard Python library. .. only:: not port_unix These modules which begin with the letter "u" are also accessible without the "u" prefix: ``ubinascii`` ``uhashlib`` ``uheapq`` ``ujson`` ``urandom`` ``uos`` ``ure`` ``ustruct`` ``utime`` ``uzlib`` ``uerrno`` The reason for this is to ease porting in cases where the MicroPython module is a compatible subset of the standard library. For instance the ``utime`` module represents time the same way but contains only a subset of the functions in the standard ``time`` module, so it may be imported either way. Ported software may still have subtle issues, however, due to the lack of support for daylight savings time or more obvious problems due to an unsupported function. If convenient, you can always create an alias for a module. For instance, to make ``io` an alias for ``uio`` you would import the ``uio`` module like this: ``import uio as io``. Another goal was to allow these modules to be replaced with user-code that might supply some of the missing features, but we do not support user written modules at this time. .. only:: port_unix .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 array.rst builtins.rst cmath.rst gc.rst math.rst select.rst sys.rst ubinascii.rst ucollections.rst uhashlib.rst uheapq.rst uio.rst ujson.rst uos.rst ure.rst usocket.rst ustruct.rst utime.rst uzlib.rst .. only:: port_sl3 .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 _thread.rst array.rst builtins.rst cmath.rst gc.rst math.rst sys.rst ubinascii.rst ucollections.rst uerrno.rst uhashlib.rst uheapq.rst uio.rst ujson.rst uos.rst urandom.rst ure.rst ustruct.rst utime.rst .. only:: port_xlink .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 _thread.rst array.rst builtins.rst cmath.rst gc.rst math.rst select.rst sys.rst ubinascii.rst ucollections.rst uerrno.rst uhashlib.rst uheapq.rst uio.rst ujson.rst uos.rst urandom.rst ure.rst ustruct.rst utime.rst uzlib.rst .. only:: port_pyboard .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 array.rst builtins.rst cmath.rst gc.rst math.rst select.rst sys.rst ubinascii.rst ucollections.rst uhashlib.rst uheapq.rst uio.rst ujson.rst uos.rst ure.rst usocket.rst ustruct.rst utime.rst uzlib.rst .. only:: port_wipy .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 array.rst builtins.rst gc.rst select.rst sys.rst ubinascii.rst ujson.rst uos.rst ure.rst usocket.rst ussl.rst utime.rst .. only:: port_esp8266 .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 array.rst builtins.rst gc.rst math.rst sys.rst ubinascii.rst ucollections.rst uhashlib.rst uheapq.rst uio.rst ujson.rst uos.rst ure.rst usocket.rst ussl.rst ustruct.rst utime.rst uzlib.rst MicroPython-specific libraries ------------------------------ Functionality specific to the MicroPython implementation is available in the following libraries. .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 machine.rst micropython.rst uctypes.rst .. only:: port_sl3 Libraries specific to |short_port_name| --------------------------------------- The following libraries are specific to |short_port_name| : .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 serial.rst sl3.rst .. only:: port_xlink Libraries specific to the future Sutron product ---------------------------------- The following libraries are specific to the future Sutron product: .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 serial.rst sl3.rst pyb.rst .. only:: port_pyboard Libraries specific to the pyboard --------------------------------- The following libraries are specific to the pyboard. .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 network.rst pyb.rst .. only:: port_wipy Libraries specific to the WiPy --------------------------------- The following libraries are specific to the WiPy. .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 network.rst wipy.rst .. only:: port_esp8266 Libraries specific to the ESP8266 --------------------------------- The following libraries are specific to the ESP8266. .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 network.rst esp.rst